- Using ls to only show files with one character in their extensions.
- Editing the /etc/sysconfig file to add proxy settings for OpenSUSE 12.3.
- Installing updates in OpenSUSE 12.3.
The new OpenSUSE distribution has many new features as well as keeping the good old commands that we are familiar with.
Using ls to only show files with one character in their extensions.
Here is an example using the ls command to display only files with one character in their extension. This is useful for listing only files such as *.c and *.h files.
john@gandalf ~/Documents $ ls -hula *.? -rw-r--r-- 1 john users 1.4K Apr 23 14:52 my.c
This command wildcard will list the directory recursively. This is a good alternative to the -R parameter to the ls command. Showing just how flexible the bash shell really is.
john@gandalf ~/Documents $ ls -hula ** -rw------- 1 john users 1.2M Jan 22 22:45 Addison Wesley - Algorithms, Data Structures, And Problem Solving With C.pdf -rw------- 1 john users 3.2K Apr 9 11:00 altoro-feasibility-study.tex -rw------- 1 john users 3.0K Apr 3 13:30 altoro.tex -rwxr-xr-x 1 john users 13K Apr 23 14:52 a.out -rw-r--r-- 1 john users 3.3K Apr 23 20:47 blog.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 john users 2.9K Apr 23 20:36 blog.txt~ -rw-r--r-- 1 john users 8.5K Apr 23 11:35 document.tex -rw------- 1 john users 698 Mar 25 21:07 environment.tex -rw------- 1 john users 1.5M Jan 22 22:45 Essential Underground Handbook.pdf -rw------- 1 john users 314 Apr 25 11:35 image-table.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 john users 1.4K Apr 23 14:52 my.c -rw-r--r-- 1 john users 1.5K Apr 23 14:51 my.c~ -rw------- 1 john users 14K Mar 28 09:55 personnel.sql -rw------- 1 john users 260K Feb 11 23:01 powershell_examples_v3.pdf -rw------- 1 john users 2.4K Mar 26 21:58 proliant.tex -rw------- 1 john users 2.6K Apr 9 09:56 server.tex -rw------- 1 john users 332 Mar 11 12:48 sla.tex -rw------- 1 john users 1.9K Mar 26 11:43 template.tex -rw------- 1 john users 239K Jan 22 22:45 x86-doc.pdf Proliant: total 68K drwx------ 2 john users 4.0K Apr 24 23:48 . drwxr-xr-x 3 john users 4.0K Apr 24 23:48 .. -rw------- 1 john users 259 Apr 8 12:24 algorithm-painting.txt -rw------- 1 john users 4.7K Apr 8 12:24 console.txt -rw------- 1 john users 36K Apr 8 12:24 magik-1.txt -rw------- 1 john users 618 Apr 8 12:24 meout.txt -rw------- 1 john users 9 Apr 23 19:50 my.text -rw------- 1 john users 0 Apr 8 12:23 proliant.txt -rw------- 1 john users 770 Apr 8 12:23 server4.txt -rw------- 1 john users 0 Mar 18 13:40 url.txt
If you use the ls .** command, this will list the current directory and then the directory one up the tree. Look at the output below for an example that will show what this wildcard does.
john@gandalf /boot $ ls -hula .** .: total 89M drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Apr 25 12:18 . drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4.0K Apr 25 20:41 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Apr 22 18:30 backup_mbr lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1 Apr 23 21:08 boot -> . -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5K Apr 22 18:17 boot.readme -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 133K Apr 25 09:33 config-3.7.10-1.1-default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 133K Apr 25 12:16 config-3.7.10-1.1-desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Jan 27 11:33 grub drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4.0K Apr 25 12:18 grub2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Apr 23 21:08 grub2-efi -> grub2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Apr 25 12:18 initrd -> initrd-3.7.10-1.1-default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M Apr 25 09:33 initrd-3.7.10-1.1-default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31M Apr 22 18:25 initrd-3.7.10-1.1-desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607K Apr 25 12:14 message -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 236K Mar 2 00:01 symvers-3.7.10-1.1-default.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 236K Mar 2 00:00 symvers-3.7.10-1.1-desktop.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 409 Mar 2 00:01 sysctl.conf-3.7.10-1.1-default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 516 Mar 2 00:00 sysctl.conf-3.7.10-1.1-desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.4M Apr 25 09:33 System.map-3.7.10-1.1-default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.5M Apr 25 12:17 System.map-3.7.10-1.1-desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.4M Mar 2 00:00 vmlinux-3.7.10-1.1-default.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.6M Mar 2 00:00 vmlinux-3.7.10-1.1-desktop.gz lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Apr 25 09:33 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-3.7.10-1.1-default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.6M Apr 25 09:33 vmlinuz-3.7.10-1.1-default -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.8M Apr 25 12:17 vmlinuz-3.7.10-1.1-desktop ..: total 284K drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4.0K Apr 25 20:41 . drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4.0K Apr 25 20:41 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Apr 25 21:31 bin drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Apr 25 12:18 boot drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4.2K Apr 26 2013 dev drwxr-xr-x 142 root root 12K Apr 25 20:41 etc drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Apr 25 09:32 home drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4.0K Apr 25 09:32 lib drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4.0K Apr 25 12:16 lib64 drwx------ 2 root root 16K Apr 22 18:16 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Apr 24 23:57 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Apr 24 23:57 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Apr 25 09:32 opt dr-xr-xr-x 183 root root 0 Apr 26 2013 proc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 180K Apr 25 20:40 .readahead drwx------ 10 root root 4.0K Apr 25 20:50 root drwxr-xr-x 27 root root 740 Apr 26 2013 run drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12K Apr 25 12:17 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Apr 25 01:26 selinux drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4.0K Apr 23 21:08 srv dr-xr-xr-x 12 root root 0 Apr 25 20:39 sys drwxrwxrwt 34 root root 4.0K Apr 25 20:54 tmp drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4.0K Apr 24 23:46 usr drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4.0K Apr 23 21:08 var
Editing the /etc/sysconfig file to add proxy settings for OpenSUSE 12.3.
This is how to edit the /etc/sysconfig proxy file to enable the use of a proxy for OpenSUSE 12.3. This allows you to install software with zypper when you are behind a proxy, such as a workplace or an academic institution.
## Path: Network/Proxy ## Description: ## Type: yesno ## Default: no ## Config: kde,profiles # # Enable a generation of the proxy settings to the profile. # This setting allows to turn the proxy on and off while # preserving the particular proxy setup. # PROXY_ENABLED="no" ## Type: string ## Default: "" # # Some programs (e.g. lynx, arena and wget) support proxies, if set in # the environment. # Example: HTTP_PROXY="http://proxy.provider.de:3128/" HTTP_PROXY="John.smith:[email protected]" ## Type: string ## Default: "" # # Some programs (e.g. lynx, arena and wget) support proxies, if set in # the environment. # This setting is for https connections HTTPS_PROXY="John.smith:[email protected]" ## Type: string ## Default: "" # # Example: FTP_PROXY="John.smith:[email protected]" # FTP_PROXY="" ## Type: string ## Default: "" # # Example: GOPHER_PROXY="http://proxy.provider.de:3128/" # GOPHER_PROXY="" ## Type: string(localhost) ## Default: localhost # # Example: NO_PROXY="www.me.de, do.main, localhost" # NO_PROXY="localhost, 127.0.0.1"
With this setup in your /etc/sysconfig file; you can use OpenSUSE at work or school and have no problems with the proxy.
Installing updates in OpenSUSE 12.3.
To install updates, first we need to update the repository information.
gandalf:~ # zypper ref Repository 'openSUSE-12.3-Non-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-12.3-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-12.3-Update' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-12.3-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed.
Then you may execute the command that will install any pending updates.
gandalf:~ # zypper up Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... The following packages are going to be upgraded: ImageMagick Mesa Mesa-devel Mesa-libEGL-devel Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL-devel Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libGLESv1_CM-devel Mesa-libGLESv1_CM1 Mesa-libGLESv2-2 Mesa-libGLESv2-devel Mesa-libIndirectGL-devel Mesa-libIndirectGL1 Mesa-libglapi-devel Mesa-libglapi0 MozillaFirefox NetworkManager NetworkManager-gnome aaa_base aaa_base-extras alsa apache2 apache2-prefork apache2-utils art-sharp2 bind-libs bind-utils branding-openSUSE daps dhcp dhcp-client dnsmasq docbook-xsl-stylesheets docbook5-xsl-stylesheets dynamic-wallpaper-branding-openSUSE evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-devel findutils gconf-sharp2 gfxboot-branding-openSUSE gimp-branding-openSUSE gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-branding-openSUSE gnome-control-center-user-faces gnome-settings-daemon gnome-sharp2 gnome-shell-extension-alternative-status-menu gnome-shell-extensions-common gnome-vfs-sharp2 grub2-branding-openSUSE java-1_7_0-openjdk krb5 krb5-32bit libMagick++5 libMagickCore5 libMagickWand5 libOSMesa-devel libOSMesa9 libasound2 libcamel-1_2-40 libebackend-1_2-5 libebook-1_2-14 libecal-1_2-15 libedata-book-1_2-15 libedata-cal-1_2-18 libedataserver-1_2-17 libedataserverui-3_0-4 libfreebl3 libgbm-devel libgbm1 libgudev-1_0-0 libibus-1_0-0 libmono-2_0-1 libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libopenal1 libpango-1_0-0 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpurple libpurple-branding-openSUSE libpurple-lang libpurple-tcl libsoftokn3 libstorage4 libudev-devel libudev1 libudisks2-0 libusbmuxd2 libvdpau1 libxatracker1 libxml2-2 libxml2-devel libxml2-tools libxslt-tools libxslt1 microcode_ctl mono-core mono-data mono-data-oracle mono-data-postgresql mono-data-sqlite mono-devel mono-extras mono-locale-extras mono-mvc mono-nunit mono-wcf mono-web mono-winforms mono-winfxcore monodoc-core mozilla-nspr mozilla-nspr-devel mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs mozilla-nss-devel nagios nagios-www nautilus-totem openal-soft pango-devel pango-tools perl perl-base plymouth-branding-openSUSE pm-utils polkit-default-privs pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-lirc pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-module-zeroconf pulseaudio-utils python-libxml2 release-notes-openSUSE seahorse shim subversion sudo suse-xsl-stylesheets sysconfig systemd systemd-32bit systemd-sysvinit systemtap systemtap-runtime telepathy-gabble timezone timezone-java totem totem-browser-plugin totem-browser-plugin-gmp totem-lang totem-plugin-zeitgeist totem-plugins typelib-1_0-EBook-1_2 typelib-1_0-ECalendar-1_2 typelib-1_0-EDataServer-1_2 typelib-1_0-IBus-1_0 typelib-1_0-NMClient-1_0 typelib-1_0-NetworkManager-1_0 typelib-1_0-Pango-1_0 udev udisks2 usbmuxd vsftpd wallpaper-branding-openSUSE wireshark xrandr yast2 yast2-installation yast2-mail yast2-security yast2-storage zsh 179 packages to upgrade. Overall download size: 228.9 MiB. After the operation, additional 7.3 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/?] (y):
This will install all of the pending updates and make sure your system is up to date. This will download package deltas, this means that it only downloads files that contain the differences between the existing files and the updates. This saves on bandwidth versus downloading the whole file again.