The Linux sleep command will enable you to pause a Linux command for a short time. The example below has our command halting for 5 seconds before executing. The suffix s means seconds, this is useful for halting a script whilst you are waiting for something else to run.
C:\HOME\FLYNN\DESKTOP> sleep 5s ; ps PID TTY TIME CMD 11113 pts/3 00:00:00 bash 30712 pts/3 00:00:00 ps |
The time command is used to time a command and see how long the command takes to execute. This can be useful for seeing how much faster a program is with any optimizations you are performing on it.
C:\HOME\FLYNN\DESKTOP> time ls total 5.4M drwxr-xr-x 3 flynn flynn 4.0K 31-05-12 01:07 pm . drwxr-xr-x 43 flynn flynn 4.0K 31-05-12 01:27 pm .. -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 207K 27-05-12 12:25 pm cloudflare.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 13 31-05-12 02:48 pm phonenumber.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 73K 29-05-12 06:18 pm powericon.jpg -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 650K 30-05-12 05:32 am riverlight.jpg -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 85K 29-05-12 06:42 pm screenshot1.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 87K 29-05-12 06:42 pm screenshot2.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 107K 29-05-12 06:43 pm screenshot3.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 125K 29-05-12 07:01 pm screenshot4.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 76K 29-05-12 07:05 pm screenshot5.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 1.7K 29-05-12 07:28 pm screenshot6.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 150K 29-05-12 07:31 pm screenshot7.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 40K 30-05-12 04:06 am screenshot8.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 2.2M 31-05-12 01:07 pm screenshot9.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 34K 26-05-12 11:37 pm Screenshot-About MATE Desktop Environment.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 1.2M 29-05-12 06:17 pm Screenshot.png -rw-r--r-- 1 flynn flynn 225K 29-05-12 03:51 pm Screenshot-Synaptic Package Manager .png real 0m0.005s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.004s |
The xxd command is used to perform a hexdump of a certain file. This example below is me converting a text format file to a hexdump. Then you may use the xxd -r profile.hex > profile to convert the hexdump back into the original file.
C:\HOME\FLYNN\DESKTOP> xxd profile > profile.hex C:\HOME\FLYNN\DESKTOP> cat profile.hex 0000000: 2320 2f65 7463 2f70 726f 6669 6c65 3a20 # /etc/profile: 0000010: 7379 7374 656d 2d77 6964 6520 2e70 726f system-wide .pro 0000020: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 7468 file file for th 0000030: 6520 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 2028 e Bourne shell ( 0000040: 7368 2831 2929 0a23 2061 6e64 2042 6f75 sh(1)).# and Bou 0000050: 726e 6520 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2073 rne compatible s 0000060: 6865 6c6c 7320 2862 6173 6828 3129 2c20 hells (bash(1), 0000070: 6b73 6828 3129 2c20 6173 6828 3129 2c20 ksh(1), ash(1), 0000080: 2e2e 2e29 2e0a 0a69 6620 5b20 2224 5053 ...)...if [ "$PS 0000090: 3122 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2069 6620 1" ]; then. if 00000a0: 5b20 2224 4241 5348 2220 5d20 2626 205b [ "$BASH" ] && [ 00000b0: 2022 2442 4153 4822 2021 3d20 222f 6269 "$BASH" != "/bi 00000c0: 6e2f 7368 2220 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 n/sh" ]; then. 00000d0: 2020 2320 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 6173 # The file bas 00000e0: 682e 6261 7368 7263 2061 6c72 6561 6479 h.bashrc already 00000f0: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c sets the defaul 0000100: 7420 5053 312e 0a20 2020 2023 2050 5331 t PS1.. # PS1 0000110: 3d27 5c68 3a5c 775c 2420 270a 2020 2020 ='\h:\w\$ '. 0000120: 6966 205b 202d 6620 2f65 7463 2f62 6173 if [ -f /etc/bas 0000130: 682e 6261 7368 7263 205d 3b20 7468 656e h.bashrc ]; then 0000140: 0a20 2020 2020 202e 202f 6574 632f 6261 . . /etc/ba 0000150: 7368 2e62 6173 6872 630a 2020 2020 6669 sh.bashrc. fi 0000160: 0a20 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 6966 205b . else. if [ 0000170: 2022 6069 6420 2d75 6022 202d 6571 2030 "`id -u`" -eq 0 0000180: 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2050 ]; then. P 0000190: 5331 3d27 2320 270a 2020 2020 656c 7365 S1='# '. else 00001a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2050 5331 3d27 2420 270a . PS1='$ '. 00001b0: 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2066 690a 6669 0a0a fi. fi.fi.. 00001c0: 2320 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 756d # The default um 00001d0: 6173 6b20 6973 206e 6f77 2068 616e 646c ask is now handl 00001e0: 6564 2062 7920 7061 6d5f 756d 6173 6b2e ed by pam_umask. 00001f0: 0a23 2053 6565 2070 616d 5f75 6d61 736b .# See pam_umask 0000200: 2838 2920 616e 6420 2f65 7463 2f6c 6f67 (8) and /etc/log 0000210: 696e 2e64 6566 732e 0a0a 6966 205b 202d in.defs...if [ - 0000220: 6420 2f65 7463 2f70 726f 6669 6c65 2e64 d /etc/profile.d 0000230: 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2066 6f72 2069 ]; then. for i 0000240: 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f70 726f 6669 6c65 in /etc/profile 0000250: 2e64 2f2a 2e73 683b 2064 6f0a 2020 2020 .d/*.sh; do. 0000260: 6966 205b 202d 7220 2469 205d 3b20 7468 if [ -r $i ]; th 0000270: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 202e 2024 690a 2020 en. . $i. 0000280: 2020 6669 0a20 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 756e fi. done. un 0000290: 7365 7420 690a 6669 0a set i.fi. |
C:\HOME\FLYNN\DESKTOP> xxd -r profile.hex > profile |
For any of these commands you may use the info command to get extra help, e,g info sleep will print a page of information with all of the command line switches.