This is how to rerun a previous command with sudo if you forgot the sudo command to elevate privileges.
Here I have tried to cat a file and I have forgotten to elevate my privileges with the sudo command.
homer@calculate ~ $ cat /etc/shadow cat: /etc/shadow: Permission denied |
Instead of re-typing the command; I just use this command: sudo !!
homer@calculate ~ $ sudo !! sudo cat /etc/shadow We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things: #1) Respect the privacy of others. #2) Think before you type. #3) With great power comes great responsibility. Password: root:$5$Mc3alPUE$Qiq/NVnEX2fc1jHKEZDt1JjqDLbkVKxqiBxuoi8JPQ6:16212:0:99999:7::: halt:*:9797:0::::: operator:*:9797:0::::: shutdown:*:9797:0::::: sync:*:9797:0::::: bin:*:9797:0::::: daemon:*:9797:0::::: adm:*:9797:0::::: lp:*:9797:0::::: mail:*:9797:0::::: postmaster:*:9797:0::::: news:*:9797:0::::: uucp:*:9797:0::::: nobody:*:9797:0::::: sshd:!:14924:::::: ldap:!:14935:::::: messagebus:!:14935:::::: polkituser:!:14935:::::: cron:!:14936:::::: ntp:!:14936:::::: rpc:!:14936:::::: gdm:!:14936:::::: haldaemon:!:14936:::::: openvpn:!:14940:::::: usbmux:!:14991:::::: vnstat:!:15049:::::: dnsmasq:!:15586:::::: polkitd:!:15621:::::: saned:!:15632:::::: guest:$5$e/joOLXL$5GfArWgJx7BEcGqil3hTZoPGqWLRUUjCbzvl3gTWN75:16212:0:99999:7::: homer:$5$X2qWCBRa$t7DoaDoBVAYGY7NmC7s8AnKiIxcJw8ZjsxUeBTJaMbD:16212:0:99999:7::: |
This enables me to re-run the previous command as the root user with sudo without re-typing the command. Very cool huh?